Palito

Motivasi Kerja Sama Pembangunan Internasional Indonesia Melalui Indonesian AID di Mozambik dan Kenya

Meylan Zhara Astira — 2026-06-30

Indonesia as an emerging donor remains committed to increasing foreign aid to Mozambique and Kenya every year. As a fellow developing country, Indonesia establishes development cooperation to support the acceleration of development in the two countries that are implementing the development agenda to achieve stability and sustainability. In addition, the geopolitics of international development between traditional donors such as the United States and China have existed and dominated most of the foreign aid provision in Mozambique and Kenya. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's motivation to conduct international development cooperation through Indonesian AID to Mozambique and Kenya. Indonesia's motivation analyzed using Raymond F. Hopskins' theory of foreign aid motivation, namely global public goods, economic development, domestic coalitions and increased concessions from recipients and using descriptive qualitative methods. This research finds that the Indonesian government's motivation in providing foreign aid to Mozambique and Kenya is related to Indonesia's participation in solving global problems based on normative goals, access to energy resources such as oil, gas and minerals as well as opening up new trade, investment and market opportunities in Mozambique and Kenya, encouragement from state-owned enterprises and targeting Indonesia's continued cooperation with the two countries.

Pelaksanaan Fungsi International Labour Organization (ILO) Melalui Better Work Bangladesh dalam Perlindungan Pekerja Perempuan

Zahra Wiranda — 2026-06-30

This research aims to analyze the functions of the international organizations, specifically the International Labour Organization (ILO) through the Better Work Bangladesh (BWB) program in promoting decent work for female workers in Bangladesh’s garment industry. Despite being the world’s second-largest garment exporter with a predominantly female workforce, the fulfillment of workers’ rights remains inadequate. Using the framework of International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) proposed by Karns, Mingst, and Stiles, the research examines how BWB addresses gender discrimination, enhances training opportunities, and fosters inclusive workplaces. Employing a qualitative descriptive case study, the study relies on document analysis of annual reports, ILO publications, and related sources. The findings indicate that BWB has improved compliance with labor standards, particularly regarding working hours, wages, non-discrimination, and protection for women workers. Initiatives such as GEAR and Mothers@Work, implemented in collaboration with the IFC and national stakeholders, further strengthened gender-responsive labor governance. The study concludes that BWB serves as a collaborative platform linking international and domestic actors in advancing decent work and gender equality in Bangladesh’s garment sector.

Peran Singapura dalam ASEAN Agreement on Electronic Commerce (AAEC)

Euis Putri Rahmadhani — 2026-06-29

ASEAN Agreement on Electronic Commerce (AAEC) is an agreement in Southeast Asia initiated by Singapore that aims to facilitate cross-border e-commerce cooperation in the region. This research analyzes the role of Singapore in the ASEAN Agreement on Electronic Commerce. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive and exploratory research using primary and secondary data. This research uses National Role Conceptions by K.J. Holsti to analyze the role of Singapore in AAEC. The researchers identify four national role conceptions, such as regional leader, regional-subsystem collaborator, developer, and example. Singapore’s role as a regional leader is evidenced by Singapore leading the e-commerce task force in the region and initiating the AAEC. Role as a regional-subsystem collaborator, Singapore shows a commitment to establishing cooperation between ASEAN member states and aims to achieve common interests through AAEC. Singapore collaborated with Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam in the e-commerce task force. Singapore actively cooperates with other ASEAN member states to implement the area of cooperation in AAEC. Singapore’s role as the developer has developed Singapore Cooperation Centres in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Lao PDR aims to give training and workshops about e-commerce. The role as example, Singapore is a country with the most advanced e-commerce infrastructure in the region and becoming an example for other countries. Singapore inspires other ASEAN member states to support the implementation of AAEC.

Keywords: ASEAN Agreement on Electronic Commerce, Southeast Asia, E-Commerce, National Role Conceptions, Singapore.

Sekuritisasi Imigran Muslim dalam Kampanye dan Awal Pemerintahan Donald Trump Tahun 2015–2018

Rifandra Aulia Rachmadi — 2026-06-30

This study examines the securitization process of Muslim immigrant issue in the United States during Donald Trump’s presidency. In this context, Muslim immigrants were framed as a threat to national security through a discourse constructed around associations with terrorism. Through speech acts, Trump shaped public perception to regard this issue as an existential threat requiring extraordinary measures, as outlined in the Copenhagen School’s securitization theory. This strategy was part of Trump’s political maneuver to gain electoral support in the 2016 presidential election by amplifying anti-immigrant and Islamophobic narratives. Trump’s election as president indirectly legitimized the anti-immigrant rhetoric promoted during his campaign, which was subsequently translated into a series of intimidating immigration policies. This securitization process culminated in the implementation of emergency-like measures targeting Muslim immigrants, most notably through the Travel Ban policy, which restricted entry from seven Muslim-majority countries.